Love Song Of Prufrock Essays - Chapbooks, , Term Papers

Love Song Of Prufrock In his sonnet The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock, Eliot investigates the immortal issues of adoration and mindfulness - mainstream subjects in writing. In any case, through his utilization of Prufrock's significant hesitance he slants the peruser's desires for an Adoration Song and takes a genuine point of view regarding the matter of adoration, which numerous creators do, yet few can make characters as profound and multi-layered as Prufrock; most likely the explanation that this sonnet still remains, apparently, Eliot's generally acclaimed. The start of the sonnet is pre-empted by an extract from Dante's Inferno which Eliot uses to make the sonnet's not kidding tone, yet additionally to start his investigation of Prufrock's hesitance. By embeddings this statement, an equal is made among Prufrock and the speaker, Guido da Montefeltro, who is exceptionally mindful of his situation in damnation and his own circumstance concerning an incredible destiny. Prufrock feels much the same way, however his hellfire and an incredible destiny are more as far as he could tell and have less to do with the individuals around him. The issue of his destiny drives Prufrock to a mind-boggling question...(10) which is rarely recognized, inquired, or then again replied in the sonnet. This question is related in some way or another to his mind, yet the two its uncertainty to the peruser and Prufrock's forswearing to try and inquire What is it?(11) gives some knowledge into his condition of inside unrest and powerlessness to reason. Prufrock's disappointment in his own appearance is one, however not the most significant of his quirks. Not exclusively is he discontent with the idea of his appearance, having To Prepare a face to meet the appearances that you meet; yet he is frightful of what others will have to state about him: (They will say: ?How his hair is developing thin!')(41) and (... ?Be that as it may, how his arms and legs are thin!')(44). Prufrock is uncertain and terrified of people groups' responses to his thinning up top head and thin, maturing body. Lamentably, his absence of certainty isn't restricted to his looks. Prufrock experiences issues speaking with individuals - not astonishing thinking about his extraordinary absence of trust in his appearance. He's ambivalent and ineffective in his endeavors to speak with other individuals, rehashing dreams and revisions(33) and choices and revisions...(48). Eliot utilizes reiteration here to underscore the idea of Prufrock's adjustments in conduct - regardless of whether he changes his conduct or not is another issue... in all probability he doesn't on the grounds that he additionally rehashes the inquiry ?Do I dare?' and, ?Do I dare?'(38). Perhaps, he's inquiring as to whether he should set out and drop an inquiry on your plate;(30) which means one of his challenges could be something that he'd prefer to ask a lady yet can't; he additionally asks Do I dare/Disturb the universe?(45-46). In this case Eliot utilizes exaggeration to give the peruser the impression of the earnestness of Prufrock's weaknesses - they are his entire universe. However, this is just a single clarification where there are various prospects. Once once more, Eliot utilizes the gadget of vagueness to mirror the inward battle in Prufrock and lead the peruser to ask themselves once more What is the ?overpowering inquiry' that Prufrock is asking? Unfortunately even Prufrock himself doesn't have the appropriate response... in any event, perceiving the issue itself is past the effortlessness of his psyche, which he admits by saying I am no prophet-and here's no extraordinary matter;(84). By making light of the significance of the issue, Prufrock echoes his absence of self-esteem. Truth be told, to Prufrock, the issue is critical - an incredible destiny relies upon it. His announcement that he isn't a prophet shows Prufrock's view on his situation in society, which he is as confounded about as everything else. To add a little history: Eliot composed this sonnet during a period wherein social traditions, particularly in Europe, were as yet a significant issue. There were fundamentally two classes - rich and poor, neither of which Prufrock truly fits into. Eliot makes the thought of Prufrock being gotten between the two classes in the absolute starting point of the sonnet, (if not by J. Alfred Prufrock's surprising vainglorious/regular workers sounding name) when he compares the pictures of anxious evenings in one-night modest lodgings/And sawdust cafés with shellfish shells(4-5) and the ladies who go back and forth Talking of Michelangelo.(13-14). These two pictures speak to two totally various lifestyles. The principal picture is of a soiled way of life - living among the half-abandoned streets(4) while the second is the way of life that Prufrock yearns to be related with - much like the picture of Michelangelo's painting on the roof of the Sistine house of prayer where God

Particular sectors of the population Essay

Conceptual The purpose of this paper is to enable the peruser to get a handle on the various parts of human character development concerning ones race as well as ethnicity. This is a theme that is extraordinarily critical to all races of individuals paying little mind to financial class or whatever else is apparently progressively significant. It is very difficult to go all through existence without framing a thought of what your identity is or where you have come whether you want to make it a piece of your every day life, have no way out or recognize it when it is helpful; without that information I think that its hard to completely benefit as much as possible from life. Through the readings from the semester and class conversations I have reached the resolution that White ethnics decide to either affirm their ethnicities thickly or meagerly, or they decided to join it into their lives emblematically. Blacks on the opposite side of the range need decision in their racial personality in light of the fact that their race is noticeable thus it is doled out to them. Asians have both the capacity to decide to attest their particular ethnicities however they are racially alloted. The issue with racial and ethnic development is that it is conceived of social development what others accept of your race to be valid. This can make the personality development process significantly more troublesome relying on your racial or ethnic foundation. In any case, I see this as a significant piece of the character development venture. What number of cares one loses when one chooses not to be something however to be somebody. These words were verbally expressed by the scandalous French style creator, Gabrielle â€Å"Coco† Chanel. In America today, these words couldn't ring more genuine in the subject of personality. â€Å"Who am I? †, â€Å"Where do I originate from? † All inquiries of self reflection which without a doubt every individual asks themselves regularly. These inquiries are not intricate in structure however hold a lot of weight to them and contain endless answers. White ethnics face the choice of whether to incorporate their ethnicities into their character development; their racial intangibility gives them the decision to distinguish. Racial minorities self characterize uniquely in contrast to those of the white larger part there frequently is no decision. There are a wide range of features of personality development that make the shifting equations with which Black Americans must make their racial character. The conspicuous perceivability of race for Blacks makes a considerable lot of the challenges that they face in the United States shifting from the summed up generalizations, passage into the pined for working class of America. These are a portion of the components that decide if a positive Black character is being framed. In conclusion, Asian Americans, have ended up in that odd center ground of personality development; their battle isn't actually similar to that of Black Americans yet they are likewise not handily acknowledged like the prevailing white gathering. The one of a kind factors that help Asian Americans shape their personality are similar ones that make it hard for others outside of their race to characterize them. It is with this uncommon blend that Asian Americans have been given the helpful capacity to decide to state their particular ethnicities and to acclimatize like white ethnics while as yet feeling the impacts of racial limitation and having their race alloted to them like Black Americans. White Ethnic Identity Construction Today we take a gander at the potential ways the white racial gathering characterize themselves; how they appear to others of their equivalent race just as to non-whites and the effect of American cultural desires on oneself, at last making a picture of how white ethnics develop their ethnic personality all through the ages and the advancement of ethnic incentive after some time. It is very regular to hear an individual state â€Å"I don’t care what individuals consider me† or â€Å"Their feeling doesn’t matter,† despite the fact that that might be their point of view, much to their dismay that it is the association with other people that helps structure each person’s feeling of self and that each person’s assessment of you matters a lot. â€Å"Identity can't exist separated from a group†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Gans, 1991, p. 430). Every individual bobs their character off of others and it is from their responses to us that we base our personalities on. This thought is called â€Å"The Looking Glass Self† created by Charles Cooley. Cooley contends that each time we connect with someone else, we see ourselves in a mirror that they hold up to us and our appearance shape our feeling of self (Butler-Sweet, 2011, Sep. 20). Basically our self definitions depend on how others see us. We can't get away from it, the general public that we live in depends on association with others and people, essentially are visual; we judge first by what we see. This is the reason race is the characterizing factor in American culture yet chiefly for non-whites. The white race in America is rule, in any case, it isn't command a direct result of the race itself but since of the way of life that was framed from it. This thought of â€Å"whiteness† originates from European goals where verifiably white ethnics had the most training and were Christians restricted to the non-Christians who were likewise not white. At the point when Europeans approached America they carried these goals with them and utilized them as an establishment for the new culture they were making that put enormous accentuation on chapel, family, and aggregating riches and with that economic wellbeing (Zack, 1998, p. 61). These beliefs were the establishment of American culture and since this culture was made by whites, American got equivalent with white, white turned into the standard and subsequently straightforward. On the off chance that you are white in America it is profoundly improbable that you will see your race consistently except if you are put in a circumstance where you are encircled by non-whites and constrained into mindfulness. It is a distinct bit of leeway to have your race be imperceptible to everybody; when you are familiar with seeing something, you don't consider it. That being stated, as per the â€Å"Looking Glass Self†, barely anybody, white or non-white will mirror a white person’s whiteness to them. Having race seen as inconsequential in a white individual’s personality. Due grant, to the lessened significance of race to white character development, ethnicity among white ethnics is a decision. White ethnics can choose if they need their ethnicity to be a piece of what shapes their personality and on the off chance that they do decided to state an ethnicity they picked by and by in the event that they need to affirm it thickly or meagerly. Experiencing childhood in Connecticut, I realize that there isn't as wide an assortment of ethnicities as there could be among white ethnics however in a couple of the less rural regions in Connecticut, to be specific New Britain, certain white ethnics decide to thickly state their ethnicity. In New Britain there is a huge populace of Polish white ethnics; they communicate in the language and have ethnic markets and eateries. They decide to join their ethnicity into their regular day to day existences and partner with those of that equivalent ethnicity. On the other side, in my rural old neighborhood of Farmington, Connecticut, there were a nice measure of Polish individuals who went to my secondary school nonetheless, most decide to meagerly affirm their ethnicity for the most part by possibly asserting their ethnicity when it came to soccer or eating shine food during the special seasons. The significance of ethnicity to white ethnics is regularly attested daintily if by any means. The measure of accentuation set on the estimation of ethnic character among whites isn't equivalent to it has been in times past; the accentuation has now been set on American culture and what is viewed as important. On the off chance that white ethnics decide to remember their ethnicity for their character today, it would in all likelihood be image of what used to be. At the point when Europeans previously came to America from whichever nation, their unique ethnic foundation was everything. The language, food, conventions, apparel and music was a consistent impact on their regular day to day existences as original Americans. Network connections to individuals of your equivalent ethnicity were unfathomably significant as it was an expansion of your close family. Being the â€Å"new kids on the block† as it were, was what kept these ethnic networks closely knit be that as it may, every age after started to gradually move in an opposite direction from those unique binds and began to absorb into the rule American culture. The cultural assimilation process begins in second era white ethnics where unique ethnic customs that they grew up with become not as significant in light of the fact that currently, fitting in to the command culture is the best approach to advance. The third era white ethnic, has completely acclimatized into American culture and has little enthusiasm for their ethnicity on the grounds that at this point they have made sense of that in being a white ethnic, they fit into the rule culture and ethnicity isn't fundamental. It may not really be a prevention to their financial, scholarly or social achievement, yet it likewise isn't a piece of them that they feel should be attested; it is now, that ethnic imagery starts to appear (Gans, 1991, p. 430). Through intermarriage and cultural assimilation, third era white ethnics and past frequently think minimal about their ethnicity or at this point ethnicities. Once in a while there are such a significant number of ethnicities to look over, from either parent that a white ethnic will essentially choose the generalizations of a specific ethnicity in their hereditary armory that they believe they can recognize most with as a method of feeling ethnic of their ethnic character. Physical attributes are regularly utilized as the pointer for which ethnicity a white ethnic will decided to relate to; probably the dearest companion is Luxembourgian, German, Scandinavian, Swedish, Norwegian, and Scottish. Regardless of the way that her last name itself is German, she decides to relate her light complexion, light hair and blue eyes wi

Rescheduling Marijuana in America essays

Rescheduling Marijuana in America papers In the United States today numerous individuals have seen incredible advances as far as medication and innovation and how these advances have profited individuals experiencing a huge number of maladies and the indications brought about by infections. One part of medication that remaining parts ancient is the utilization of therapeutic weed. Various investigations exist in the United States and different nations that show that pot is in certainty advantageous from a therapeutic point of view, anyway the quantity of logical examinations is restricted in the United States. Researcher and specialists have gotten little endorsement on proposed logical examinations on therapeutic pot by the Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) in light of the fact that the central government has planned cannabis as a calendar I tranquilize. As a Schedule I tranquilize, cannabis is viewed as unlawful. The national government doesn't perceive any of the laws passed by the eighteen states and D.C., legitimately perm itting its utilization as medication. Individuals utilizing pot for therapeutic reasons, in spite of the way that it might just be legitimate in their state, could at present face government arraignment. More than once the DEA has parried any headway in the legal procedure to make restorative cannabis utilize legitimate. The DEA (2011) expressed that The away from of the as of now accessible proof backings this arrangement, including proof that smoked maryjane has a high potential for misuse, has no acknowledged restorative incentive in treatment in the United States, and proof that there is a general absence of acknowledged wellbeing for its utilization considerably under clinical watch (Drug Enforcement Agency, 2011, p. 2). It is time these draconian laws were turned around and the national government reschedules weed to a lower class, plan II, permitting weed to be completely investigated by individuals from established researchers and that maryjane be permitted to be utilized restoratively under the management of a doctor without the risk of bureaucratic arraignment so those patients who may ... <!

The IT requirement and developing software for a small pharmaceutical - Free Essay Example

Project Title Analyzing the IT requirement and developing software for a small pharmaceutical wholesaler working in India. Abstract The aim of this project is to enhance the effectiveness of pharmaceutical whole sale business in India. It is to investigate various ways of developing software for businesses in the pharmaceutical sector. This project will investigate domain-specific requirements for billing, stock maintenance, customer services; keep track of drug licenses and retail pharmaceuticals in India. And develop a software system to automate wholesale pharmaceutical company in order bring effectiveness and productivity, profitability into business. Introduction Pharmacy is a domain, which has already shown lot of growth in India. As of now when we consider, it is still fast growing field when compared with other fields. â€Å"Bengal Chemicals and Pharmaceutical Works† is the first Indian pharmaceutical company. This company exists even now and operating in government sector. It was established in 1930. Since then most of the time India imported drugs from other countries. It happened for around 60 years. Later on in India, the government started helping pharmacy industries to see what they are today. At present there are many laws that govern pharmaceutical companies and drugs in India. There are some patent related rights. As of now Indian pharmaceutical industry is doing well and recognized by the world. It is having good share in the world market. In India around 20000 drug manufacturers exist. As peripheral outfits, medical wholesalers, retailers, dealers started growing. In this backdrop, the aim of this project is to enhan ce the effectiveness of pharmaceutical whole sale business in India. It is to investigate various ways of developing software for businesses in the pharmaceutical sector. Information Technology is best used in pharmacy to increase effectiveness in the business systems. It could be used at various levels including whole sale market of the pharmacy industry. It promotes new ways of working and making business. It ensures quality of services thereby increasing overall productivity of business systems. There are some areas that have great impact on this industry by using Information Technology. When it comes the theme of this project that is increasing the effectiveness of drugs wholesalers by adopting Information Technology as the main instrument to provide quality of service to its customers and get maximum profits out of it. The main purpose of using such software is to improve the performance, transparency, consistency in the system. It is difficult to do many things manual. The manual system has the following drawbacks. Time consumption Error prone Less profitability Less customer satisfaction Provided the above drawbacks of manual system, if the same is automated we can reap the following benefits. The benefits of using such Information Systems can strengthen the pharmaceutical industry in India. Wholesalers in this field are important part of such businesses. It is not like taking care of one business. It is like taking care of complete chain of businesses. We should have good supply chain mechanism that works with co-ordination by all business partners. The wholesalers provide both stocking and distribution functionalities. They enable customers to get products easily whenever required. There must be trade association between manufacturers, wholesalers, retailers in order to provide in time and quality service to its consumers. The pharmaceutical wholesalers can also sale other related to products not only medicines. Other products related to medicine they can have some business. They can also provide technical information to people. They are equipped with the know ledge of various drugs and how to handle them and use them. One fine thing about pharmaceutical industry is that they are controlled by the government. This paves way to good and healthy nature among the companies that are into this market. Small and medium software systems can help wholesalers and business holders provide good service to their respective customers. Customer satisfaction is the key for any business to grow. For this we have got new subjects like â€Å"Customer Relationship Management† (CRM) and eCRM. The wholesalers could be a part of SCM (Supply Chain Management). In this case they can use the common software for entire chain. Or else they can have different software with heterogeneous nature and still work under common interfaces. They can work together to achieve the business goals of business partners. Once again I reiterate that Information Technology is best used in pharmacy to increase effectiveness in the business systems. It could be used at various levels including whole sale market of the pharmacy industry. It promotes new ways of working and making business. It ensures quality of services thereby increasing overall productivity of business systems. There are some areas that have great impact on this industry by using Information Technology. Client Background Padma Agencies is the pharmaceutical business wholesaler. Its business is located in Koti, Hyderabad, India. The shop area is 12*20 sqft space. Total staff is 10 members, in these 2 members fill the stock, 2 members writing bills, 1 member collecting cash, 5 members to save and packing all to customers. They dont have any problem in serving customers. Mostly the time is wasting at billing and calculating and at cash point because the calculating and billing is manually, so at cash point he must check the items and price and total again by manually due to containing the correct prices are available for customer or not. Here price can vary by mistakes. More Details of Example Company No data base is used to maintain the stock. There are different types of products and number of companies. The company salesmen (i.e., PG, Nestle, Cadbury, etc) come to the shop and check the quantity with help of staff member and place an order for stock to them by guessing the quantity. Expiry and damage stock will be replaced by company, if the staff can find it and hand over to company. Some products (i.e., summer products, rainy products, winter products) maintain heavy stock by their seasons and demanding products. Payments All the payments done by cash and cheques on company name. If shop had a credit to particular company the M.D doesnt receive original receipt. The shop keeper get the original bill after he clear the payment, up to they had a duplicate. Customer Placing Order Customer visit with order form Customer can order by phone. Delivery Pickup the order forms from customers and serve the items to customer, after calculating manually and payment Taking the order from phone and packed in a handled care boxes and delivery by using transport facility. Payment Methods These shops accept by cash, cheques and D.D only. Selling The goods are sale only who have a drug license No(i.e., only for Retail Pharmaceuticals) Every product had a price on them i.e., called maximum retail price (M.R.P.). Present Mode of Operation They are selling all the products by whole sale price, now the present system is totally manually i.e. billing on a paper and calculating with calculators, stock maintenance is just by guessing. Price checking is maintain in a book and items are 6000-8000 different types of items they maintaining. Daily Maintenance In the company they are maintaining ten employees, 1 M.D, 1 assist manager. In these shops the customers are visit in 4-500 hundreds per day. The salesmans sales the goods only for whom having a drug license, so, here the customer should have a drug license number to buy any product in the shop. Selling Daily A customer comes with an order form containing of items, sizes and quantity. The present system is manual and has the following drawbacks. Is a semi-automated at where the information is stored in the form of excel sheets in disk drives. The information storage and maintenance is more critical in this system. Tracking the salesman activities, customer activities and progress of the work is a complex operation. Existing system cannot provide the facility of accepting cheques. Very less security because of file systems. Very less customer satisfaction as quality of service is less. Time consuming process because of manual report generation. Management of stocks may not be accurate. Prediction of drugs demand, based on seasons is complex. Placing of orders through phone and home delivery is not possible. This system cannot provide the information sharing by 247 days. Literature Review India Pharmaceutical Industry Richard Gerster said â€Å"The Indian pharmaceutical industry is a success story providing employment for millions and ensuring that essential drugs at affordable prices are available to the vast population of this sub-continent.†India is a country in which it is proven that growth of pharmaceutical science, manufacturing and wholesaling is more. Across the country there are about 20,000 manufacturing units. The drug control authority in India gives licenses to drug manufacturers. India has quality producers who complete with world giants in the same industry. It is made possible as India has advantages in terms of good and skilled man power, excellent and cost-effective chemical synthesis, and good financial and legal framework which will ensure faster growth in the industry, very good strength in information technology usage, globalization, and good opportunities for foreign investors in this sector. As can be seen in the above table large share of revenue is generated by pharmaceutica l industry in India. The table also shows the companies that stand top 10 positions. The future growth of India pharmaceutical sector is shown in the following diagram. Indian pharmaceutical industry has been witnessing a phenomenal growth in recent years. With low-cost manufacturing, most of small firms they dont have their own production facilities but they operate using the spare capacity of another company drug manufactures. High quality research, personal education and the facilities of manufacturing the Indian pharmaceuticals industry presents a competitive thread. The Indian pharmaceutical industry has got first in the Indian science based technologies with their wide range of capabilities in the complex of drugs manufacturing and technology. It is a highly organized sector worth to be a $4.5 billions and increasing the profitability with 8 to 9 percentage annually. Indian pharmaceutical industry placed before than all in terms of quality, technology, and the range of medi cine manufactured. It is manufacturing every type of medicine for a small things to sophisticated antibiotics. In the development of medicines Indian Pharmaceutical Industry playing a key role and it fallows the quality procedures by regulatory authorities in U.S.A and U.K. Many international companies are associated with this sector and these companies are assisted and stimulated for past more than 50 years and helps to India keep on the pharmaceuticals world. It is extremely fragmented with more than 20000 registered units and growing drastically in the last two decades. Only the leading 250 companies are getting 70 percentage of market with market leader holding 7% of the market share. With demanding of tablets, capsules, orals, bulk drugs, drug intermediates and pharmaceutical formulations, Indian pharmaceutical sector meets over 70% of the countries demands. In India there is 5 central public units, 250 large units and nearly 8000 small scale sector units. The Indian p harmaceutical industry has low costs of production, low RD costs, innovation of scientific manpower, strength of laboratories and increasing balance of trade. The pharmaceutical company is going on the international market with its rich scientific talent and research capabilities. The domestic pharma industry: The domestic pharma industry has recently achieved some historic milestones through a leadership position and global assessment. Many Indian companies maintained amazing standards and stability, environmental production and supply of bulk drugs to some innovate companies. More of Indian companies are now seeking regulatory approvals in USA in specialized segments. Increasing number of Indian pharmaceutical companies have been getting international regulatory approvals for their plants. Indian companies are now seeking more abbreviated new drug approvals in USA in specialized segments. Growth of Indian market: In the year of 2009 Indian pharmacy was assessed $7,743m which increments of 4% than 2007u.Business observers decided that India has made good percentage than other international companies. It is also appearing as a preferred location for pharmaceutical companies. India is the world fourth largest producer of pharmaceuticals in volume. And it increases the productivity indirectly. Indian pharmaceutical industry reached us$10.88 billion and it is likely to becomes double in volume that is us$20.95 billion in 2014. Globalization of Indian pharmaceutical industry: In the early of 1990s the Indian government has opened its market to foreign investments and started the globalization. Indian pharmacy sector globalization took place with the other countries entered into this sector. Globalization has increased the world in recent years due to rapid progress especially in communications and transport. The various advantages of globalization is it brought huge amount of foreign currency into industry and turn to boost up India. With many foreign companies entering in Indian pharmacy sector, it increase the jobs availability in India. The benefits of Indian pharmaceutical globalization is, many of the foreign international companies entering into India and brought with a highly equipment technology and it improves the medicines quality and that were available to the people. Many Indian pharmaceutical companies took over international companies to grow up and for more profits. There are some disadvantages also appearing in globalization of Indian pharmacy that there may be increase the competition between foreign pharmaceutical companies and domestic companies. This will result that the profits may decrease and companies may shut-down. And one more disadvantage is many of the foreign pharmacy companies are taking over the domestic companies which happened already. This may led to fear that foreign companies will take over the Indian pharmacy companies. And many of employees lost their jobs by the company integrations. Advantage in India: India posses a skillful work force with high technical and as well as managerial competence. The track record of development and cost-schedule synthesis for various drug molecules are excellent. Legal framework is also good in India, financial market is also good. It has a good network of world most educational institutes. The country is committed to a free market economy and globalization. after many years international pharmaceutical industry has discovered many opportunities in India. Future of pharmaceutical sector: The future of pharmaceutical sector in India is extremely good and positive. Several Indian companies are acquiring US Europe companies and several more are raising funds to do so. India has began recognizing global patents. In future Indian pharmacy going to be an unbeatable position in Pharmacy. It is one of the fastest growing sector in India. Market for pharmaceuticals in India has strong potential for increased growth. Generic drugs produced in India being accepted worldwide. Global pharmaceutical companies dealing a long term relationships with India. View of pharmaceutical sector: As in the present scenario only few people can afford costly medicines which has improved price sensitivity in the market. That is the reason most of the companies introducing the high quality medicines with low price drugs for giving the competition to other industries. With product patent act which takes place in January 2005, the Indian pharmaceutical industry is attracted the MNCs to India. At present most of the Indian companies are looking forward to tie up with foreign industries for in-licensed drugs. Contract research and pharmaceutical outsourcing are the new events in Indian pharmacy market. Indian multinational companies have created awareness about Indian market in world pharmacy industries. Legislative Framework Pertaining To Manufacture and Sale of Drugs in India In the early 1990s, the drug industry in India was negligible and used to import drugs from other countries. Later the Indian government understood the situation and decided to introduce laws related to drug manufacturing and distribution. Gradually it ensured that industry is growing faster and introduced many other laws that govern the industry. At present in India the following acts and rules are present to control the manufacture, import, export and clinical research of medicines and cosmetics in India. The drugs and cosmetics act, 1940 The pharmacy act, 1948 The drugs and magic remedies act, 1954 The narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances act, 1985 The medical and toilet preparations act, 1956 The drugs order, 1995 Academic Literature in on Requirements Analysis for Small Business Systems Pertaining to Pharmacy Information Technology is best used in pharmacy to increase effectiveness in the business systems. It could be used at various levels including whole sale market of the pharmacy industry. It promotes new ways of working and making business. It ensures quality of services thereby increasing overall productivity of business systems. There are some areas that have great impact on this industry by using Information Technology. They are: Electronic transfer of prescriptions Hospital e-prescribing Information governance The electronic prescriptions between prescribers and pharmacists improve the efficiency and quality of service. It allows various fragments of pharmacy related systems get connected seamlessly. The hospital e-prescribing programmed is used to support chain of activities like prescription, administration and supply of medicines. Information sharing is also possible among health related systems in the world. Known Issues that Affect Pharmaceutical Business There is an improving pressure on Pharmaceutical and bio-technology companies to use information technology in order to achieve their business goals. Areas in Health Care industry such as drug development, molecular research, formulary acceptance, detailing, contract sales, whole sailing has been affected by the rapid growth of IT industry The competition in the industry is comparing to be the best or second in the fray. Every area of pharmacy industry is affected by the influence of science and technology and organizations are compelled to take the help of IT at least to remain in the industry There are some issues related to laws of Indian government. The industry must stick to the acts/rules imposed by government. Such rules may be changing from time to time. Answer to many of these issues is in the ability of companies pertaining to pharmaceutical utilizing the full power of Information Technology to leverage its profitability. The information related challenges can be overcome by using Information Technology in bio technology and pharmacy. More about Pharmaceutical Industry in India The government of India has been very supportive for drug Industry in the country. The government has been giving many benefits to the pharmaceutical companies in India. They are given land for establishing company and also tax benefits related to business. The Indian government not only encouraging the companies in India, it also helped many foreign investors muster their funds and invest in India in the industry of pharmaceuticals. In the process of improvement this industry has faced many challenges too. The problems like lack of funding for beginners, difficulty in getting funds from government. The biochemical industry is uncertain. Another important problem faced by Indian pharmaceutical companies in the early stages for long time was that â€Å"lack of skilled human resources†. Of course this is there in all industries to some extent. Indian companies overcame such problems and now having a very good share in the world pharmaceutical business. Functional Requirements of Proposed System for Padma Agencies Maintenance of customer details. Stock maintenance. Billing. Order details. Keeping track of drug licenses. Predicting the future demands of the retailers based on the seasons. Ordering of goods through phone and home delivery is possible. Online ordering of goods. Customized report generation. The functional requirements are classified into the following modules Stock Maintenance Ordering Billing Stock Maintenance Module This module is responsible for complete stock maintenance. It takes care of complete inventory of medicines and related products. It can generate reports as per the stock status. As things are sold the changes in the physical store is reflected in this inventory. Ordering Module In this module all the work related to ordering of goods is done. Placing orders by predicting the behavior of the retailers and the customers. It takes care of orders sent by its retail customers. It is also responsible to generate reports related to orders received from its customers and order made to pharmacy manufacturers. Billing Module When the system is started, it should authenticate user before providing its functionalities The output bill should appear as containing the shop name, address, phone number and drug license no. It contains which system i.e. (system 1, system 2,etc), billing staff id, name, bill no(transaction number), time, date, receipt type (original, duplicate, refund, void item, void transaction, etc), quantity, product name price per single and total price quantity, and the end grand total for all products , if vat is applicable then vat summary. Salesman is the person who involves in bill preparation, report generation for the current stocks maintained and tracking the drug licenses of the retailers. It is responsible for billing activities for the licensed customers. It does mean that the retail businesses that contain a valid drug license are allowed to buy pharmacy products from this store. System Requirements Thorough understanding of the system in terms of technologies required warrants that the following are the software and hardware requirements to build this system. SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS Operating System : Windows XP/2000/2003/Vista Technology : Core Java, JDBC, Swings (JDK 1.5/1.6) Database Server : Oracle 9i/10G HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS Processor : Pentium based systems with a minimum of P4 RAM : 256MB (minimum) Research Methodology Case 1: Standard labeling rules when dispensing medicines. Interfacing with a standard accounting package. Providing links to manufacturers web pages about specific products. Drug wholesalers websites to get some ideas? Standard Labeling Rules When Dispensing Medicines: A system for automated dispensing of a packaged pharmaceutical comprising good medicine labeling standards is vital to ensure the safe use of medicines. The intention of this study is to evaluate and compare compliance towards labeling standard for dispensed medications between community pharmacists and general practitioners. The medicines for human use Regulations 1994 specify the requirements for the labeling of relevant medical products which are supplied to patients. Dispensed medicines would normally require being added number of details at the time of supply. But much of the information about medicines will be available on the label of hospital manufacturing unit. The regulations has amended to allow for a reduced dispensing label requirement to cover the patient name, date of dispensing , dose or volume , direction to use and cautionary steps to follow. The medical product has to be prepared or dispensed in accordance with the prescription by the given practitioner. The a ssembled product is for retail supply or circumstances corresponding to retail supply. The assembled product must be sold from that pharmacy or at any other registered pharmacy forming part of the same retail pharmacy business. The assembled product cannot be advertised. The over label must not obscure the printed text of a licensed pack in any way. The label has to apply to the blank area designated on the original pack for the dispensing label. In cases where an original pack does not have provision for a dispensing label, the over label should be firmly attached to the pack in a manner that is easily readable and does not obscure the licensed text nor interfere with the safe and effective use of the medicine. Original packs over labeled in accordance with these principles may be supplied direct to hospital pharmacies, health centers etc without the necessity for formal variation of the Marketing Authorization by the Marketing Authorization holder. Breaking bulk (manufacturers original pack) will require a variation to the respective Marketing Authorization. It would be normally good practice to add the date of the supply; it can be form as a following diagram. The dispensed container should me labeled with the following information Practice name, address and 24 hour telephone number(s). hould specify the intended users. Client name, patient name and client address also. Purpose of the drug prescription, Drug name and Strength. Number if tables or volume in case of liquid. Date dispensed. Direction for use like dose, frequency and method taking the drug. Relevant information and warnings, and the process of preventing the danger if the drug has taken accidentally. Labeling of investigational medicines This paragraph is about the standard labeling for the investigational products which are used in clinical trials. The trail has to be conducted within the Member states conducted by study. The planning of trail doesnt require any particular manufacturing. The normal dispensing label would be of the form as shown below In addition to this quantity of dose (number of tables/capsules) is also to be added. It can also include Name of sponsor, means name research organization /investigator. Trail reference code specifying the identification of the trail site. It would contain the information on the product, dosage, storage conditions, and batch number etc. Interfacing With a Standard Accounting Package The pharmaceutical wholesaler â€Å"Padma Agencies† can have its account part integrated with some standard accounting packages already available in the market instead of reinventing the wheel again. At present its mode of payment is as shown below. Payments All the payments done by cash and cheques on company name. If shop had a credit to particular company the M.D doesnt receive original receipt. The shop keeper get the original bill after he clear the payment, up to they had a duplicate. Instead of making all the modules in the pharmaceutical application, the application can be integrated with a standard account package. All the functionalities provided by accounting packages can be reused if we can seamlessly integrate our application with that. This is possible provided standard interfaces given by the accounting packages vendors that support integration with the applications developed in other languages. This integrates accounting, accounts receivable, and inventory management systems, which allows the distributor headquarters to operate with minimal staffing. Each step of the process is self-contained and modular allowing rapid and flexible geographic expansion. Web Links to Drug Manufactures From the application we can provide the web links to different manufacturing companies across the world. So if some specific product is not available from local market that should be purchased from the manufacturing company. For that if required product has selected and makes a request than the manufacturing company web site will be explored. Pharmaceutical involves manufacturing of drugs and equipments in healthcare. Development of drugs is a costly process in pharmaceutical. And the drug producing companies should have commercial license for research and development according to the rules and regulations of the drug license standard body. And distribution and marketing is also a vital role. The pharmaceutical market of India has achieved a tremendous growth in technology and infrastructure. The sites can introduce you about the pharmaceutical industry. And site will provide the information about the latest innovations and developments and future scopes of the pharmaceutical industry. And the different aspects of the pharmaceutical industry have been explored. Moreover it provides history information about pharmaceutical industry along with its future scope. In addition to manufacturer information it is also provide that the product information, complete description of the product, its usage, storage conditions, ingredients ration, and whom should use under which circumstances. The pharmaceutical wholesalers are having a vital role in supply of medications. For ethical pharmaceuticals wholesaler provides a link between pharmaceutical manufactures and retail outlet pharmacies, dispensing doctors and hospitals and promoting the new innovative medications. The responsibilities of the Pharmaceutical wholesaler Pharmaceutical wholesalers provide distribution and stock holding functions. And for customers the products should be provided according to their daily requirements. So that avoiding customers having large stock. Retails pharmacists and dispensing doctors have to keep normal working medicine stock. The wholesalers have to efficiently supply on a daily basis or even within a shorter period after receiving the orders from their customers. Full line wholesalers can stock and sell a full range of pharmaceuticals. But Short line wholesalers should sell only fast moving products; they should not contain all the products stock. They can import these products from manufacturers or foreign wholesalers. According to the estimations of National Association of Pharmaceutical distributors (NAPD) almost 65% of supply is done by pharmaceutical wholesalers. And 25% of supply is done by manufacturers directly, and the remaining 10% is done by short line wholesalers. These products supply may fluctuate depending on the volume of parallel products. In addition to medications the pharmaceutical wholesalers also supply health related goods, but this proportion is very less in their profit. A pharmacist must also maintain stocks of very less demanded products. In UK the majority of wholesalers provide Monday to Friday, twice daily to the pharmacies they serve. And the important point here is around two third of the orders are placed through computer terminals and the remaining by telephone. Generally pharmacists place their orders before lunch time, with delivery during afternoon. To provide an effective service to the patient, the pharmaceutical wholesaler provide a wide range of products nearly 10000 items , twice daily. For the meet the quick demands in addition to normal supply there will be usually an emergency service. And other information provided by pharmaceutical wholesalers is providing technical information on matters relating to drugs they supply their specialization, marketing services, financial support and in-pharmacy computers. Some of Our Features All the products will be arranged in a category manger. So it is easy to select the product and give online order. The category is shown as bellow. The patients can get the information about the products online. The information provides the product name, quantity, Package, and how does it work etc. Shop by category: Acne-treatment Acromegaly Allergies Anemia Anesthesia Antacid Anti-aging-supplement Anti-asthma Antibacterial Antibiotics Anticoagulant Antidepressant Antiepileptic Antifungal Antihelmintic Antihypertensive Antihistamine Anti-Infection Anti-inflammatory Antilipsin Antimycotic Ant nausea-and-vomiting Antineoplastic Ant peristaltic Antipsychotic Anti-Radiation Antiseptic Antispasmodics Ant thrombosis Antiviral-agents Antivirus-bird-flu Anxiety Arthritis Baldness-treatment Birth-Control Body-Care Cardiology Chest-Pain Cholesterol Reducers Cold-and-flu Contraception Diabetes-medicine Diarrhea Disinfectant Diuretic Ears-dropper Eczema-Treatment Endocrinology Endometriosis Eyes-dropper Food Supplement Glucocorticoid Headache Heart-Disease Hemorrhoids Hepatitis-B HIV-infection Homeopathic-medication Hypertension Hypotensive IBS Immunostimulant Immunosuppressant Infertility Laxatives Liver-Disease Memory-improvement Men-health Mainers syndrome Migraine Muscle Relaxant Neuro protective Nicotine-dependence Oncology Ophthalmology Osteoporosis Other Pain Relief Pancreatic-insular-diabetic Parkinson-disease Parodontosis Prevent-ulcers Progestins Psoriasis-treatment Rosaceous-reduction Sclerosis Sedative Medication Stomach-Ache Stomach-Ulcer Surgery Varicose-veins Vitamins Weight-loss Women-health Wrinkle-evening-ou Price The price can change dynamically we wont publish the products price before. So we always provide the latest prices in a timely manner, the day you are going to order for the product. The price for transportation/shipping will depends on the location you live, order amount etc Packaging Our packing specialist will ensure your goods to arrive always in perfect condition. Every order, from a fragile box to a container load, is given the same care and attention. All specific conditions, under which the product should be shipped, such as Cold Storage, will be kept. We sell both branded and generic medications. Freight We are able to propose you any way of shipment, by road, sea and air. If it is needed we can supply you with the necessary documentation: Airway Bills and Ocean Bills of Lading, Certificate of origin. Some List of Products and Services Anti Allergic Drugs Anti Diabetic Medicines Antidepressant Drugs Antifungal Drugs Antiseptic Drugs Bulk Drugs Cardiovascular Drugs Disinfectants Drug Formulations Essential Oils Fine Chemicals Herbal Drugs Micro Crystalline Cellulose Multivitamins Nutraceuticals Pharmaceutical Bulk Drugs Pharmaceutical Chemicals Pharmaceutical Raw Materials Stearates Steroids Regulation of the pharmaceutical market The department of health will control the pharmaceutical wholesale market. In addition to this two types of control which have an effect and the market. These are Wholesale dealers license And Pharmaceutical price regulation scheme. Wholesale Dealers License Under the medicine act 1968 and regulations made under that act, all wholesalers of ethical pharmaceuticals have to be licensed by the Department of Health. For these particular considerations will be taken into account such as storage space available for products, arrangements made for securing the sage products etc. Pharmaceutical Price Regulation Scheme All pharmaceuticals are prescribed to the patient under the scheme of National Health Service (NHS) which bears the most of the cost. And PPRS is intended to prevent the pharmaceutical companies earning excessive profits. PPRS can decide the discount on some products depending on the usage of patient. Case 2: Every developer has to follow certain approach to develop or build systems in a systematic approach. Applying software engineering principles bring about clarity in development teams and good scheduling of phases and optimum utilization of human resources is possible. The Software Engineering principles make the project development makes feasible both technically and financially. Software Engineering covers some CASE (Computer Aided Software Engineering) tools also. These tools facilitate to work with all phases of development easily. There are many issues related to software development. For analysis and design we can use approaches like object oriented approach, procedure oriented approach. Object oriented approach considers everything as objects that can be used to solve problems. To model such things we can use UML (Unified Modeling Language) notations. They are used to model complex systems that help the developers and clients to understand the system clearly. In case of pr ocedure oriented systems, we can use DFD (Data Flow Diagrams) in order to show a structural flow of various modules in the system. It is a kind of Structured Analysis and Design. Its notations are different from that of UML. These symbols are process oriented. They are used to show the functionality of the system. It has context diagram, level 0, level 1 etc. in order to elaborate the requirements further. Other consideration is building a backend for the project. Backend is nothing but the database which stores huge amount of data. It is a repository of data, which allows us to create and manage databases. It could be an RDBMS/ORDBMS. It is very consistent and widely used relational technology for back ends. To design backend we can use ERD (Entity Relationship Diagrams). ER diagrams show the relationships between the tables used in the backend. It also shows association, cardinality, and navigation and so on. To reiterate, it is good practice to use a process model as per so ftware engineering principles to build systems without fail. We can minimize failure ratio by following one of the process models. A process model helps us do the project with all precautions and measures to be taken to develop it successfully. The following is the overview of all process models used in the industry. Process Model: Process model is a framework that describes the activities performed in each phase of a software project development. Currently there are several types of process models are existing .Fallowing are the six important models that are using in most of the software project development. Waterfall Model V-Model RAD(Rapid Application Development) Model Incremental model Spiral Model and Iterative model Waterfall Model: This is the most common using life cycle model .It is also referred as linear sequential life cycle model. It is easy to understand and use .In this model, each phase must have done when go for begin next phase. At the end of each phase a review takes place to find out whether the project is going in a right-way or not to continue or discard the project. The main advantage in waterfall model is, the ‘phases do not overlap in development. It works well when quality is more important than cost and schedule. It sets the requirements stability and good for management control. Here the milestones also very well understood. Advantages: Easy to use Easy to manage due to rigidity of the model-each phase has reviews and specific deliverables. Phases, one at a time only can be processed and completed. Useful when requirements are well known and works well for smaller projects. Useful for creating a new version of existing product or porting an existing product to a new platform. Disadvantages: Poor model for long and ongoing projects. Poor model where requirements are at a moderate to high risk of changing. Adjusting the scope during lifecycle may kill the project. High amount of risk and uncertainty. Can give a false impression of progress. Integration is difficult at the end. V-Model: It is the excellent choice for systems requiring high reliability. It is a variant of the waterfall model that emphasizes the verification and validation of the product. It is a sequential path of execution of the processes, like waterfall. Each phase must complete when go for next. Testing is more emphasized in this model. Testing of the product is planned in parallel with a corresponding phase of development. Before going to any coding, testing procedures should be developed, during each of the phase preceding implementation. Requirements begin the life cycle model. Before development is started a system test plan is created. This test plan is focuses on meeting the functionality specified in gathering requirements. High-level design phase focuses on system architecture and design. An Integration test plan is created in this phase for testing the software systems which creates an ability to work together. Low-level design phase is where the actual software components are designed. A unit test plan creates here. The Implementation phase is the actual coding place. Once the coding has done (transform the algorithms into software), the execution will continue with the right side of the V and test plan will be used which developed earlier. Emphasize planning for verification and validation in early stages of product development Each deliverable must be testable Management can track progress by milestones. Simple and easy to use. Disadvantages: Does not contain risk analysis activities. Does not handle iterations or phases. Does not handle dynamic changes in requirements easily Low flexibility, expensive, and adjusting scope is difficult. No early software prototypes will produce because the development has at the implementation phase. RAD Model: RAD Model is an incremental software development model that takes very short duration of development cycle. It is high-speed adaptation of ‘Waterfall model, where the result of each cycle is a fully functional system. It reduces the cycle time and improves the productivity with less people means less cost. This approach mitigates cost and schedule risks. It uses modeling concepts to capture information about business, data, and processes. Focus moves from documentation to code. RAD Model is mainly used for information systems applications. RAD approach encompasses the fallowing phases. Business Modeling: The business functions are modeled in a way that gives complete idea on what information drives the business process, what information is generated, who generated and what processes it. Data Modeling: This information flow defined as part of the Business modeling and it refined into a set of data objects. The attributes of each object are identified and the relationships between these objects are defined. Process Modeling: The data objects defined in the Data Modeling are transformed to achieve the information flow necessary to implement a business function. Processing descriptions are created for doing operations (like adding, modifying, retrieving, delete) for data object. Application Generation: RAD works to reuse existing program components or create reusable components. In all cases automatic tools are used to develop a project. Testing and Turnover: RAD Model emphasizes the reuse option, many of the program components have been tested already. This minimizes the testing and development effort. Advantages: It is suggest full when technical risks are low or high performance is not required. Reduces the cycle time. Minimizes the cost and scheduled time. Disadvantages: Hard to use with legacy systems. Developers and customers must be committed to rapid-fire activities in an abbreviated time-frame. Requires a modularized system. For large projects RAD requires sufficient resources to create the RAD teams. Incremental Model: It is an initiative approach to Waterfall model. Multiple development cycles takes place for making multiple Waterfall cycle. These cycles can divide into multiple smaller and easily managed iterations. These iterations can pass through the life-cycle phases such as analysis, design, implementation, and testing phases. A partial implementation of system software is produced during the first iteration and subsequent iterations can be produced on the initial software. If there is a need to get basic functionality early it is most suggest full. Advantages: More flexible, less cost to change requirements and scope. So, risk of changing requirements is reduced Each iteration is an easily managed milestone. Produces the partial working software quickly and early during lifecycle. During a small iteration it is easy to use and easy to debug. Disadvantages: Requires early definition of a complete and fully functional system. Well defined module interfaces are required. Each phase of iteration should be rigid-do not overlap. Spiral Model: Spiral model is similar to the incremental model, with more emphasis placed on risk analysis. It has four phases: planning, risk analysis, engineering and evaluation. A software project passes through these four phases in iterations (called spirals). A baseline spiral, starting on the planning phase requirements are gathered and risk is assessed. And each sub-sequent spirals build on the baseline spiral. Requirements are gathered in the planning phase In the risk analysis , a process is undertaken to identify the risks and as well as appropriate solutions. After completion of risk analysis phase one prototype will be produced. Software is produced in the engineering phase The evaluation phase allows the customer to evaluate the output of the project before going to the next spiral. In the spiral model, the angular component represents the progress and radius of the spiral represents cost. Advantages: Good for medium to high-risk projects. High amount of risk analysis. If significant changes are expected it will be useful. Disadvantages: Costly to use. Risk assessment expertise is required. Spiral may continue indefinitely. Doesnt suitable for small projects. Project success rate is highly dependent on risk analysis phase. Iterative Model: Iterative Model addresses many problems associated with waterfall model. In this model the analysis is done in the same way as it is in the waterfall model. There is no need to start the model with full fledged specifications of requirements. Development is beginning with the specifications of the part of the software which can then be reviewed in order to identify further requirements. It produces, every time a new version of the software for each cycle of the model. In requirement phase , gather all the requirements for the software and analyzed it. Iteration should eventually produce complete and final specification of requirements. In design phase , all requirements are designed. The designing may be a new one or extension for the old one. In the Implementation and Test phase, the software is coded, integrated and tested. In Review phase, the software is evaluated, the current requirements are reviewed again and additions to requirements are proposed. At each cycle of the model a decision has to be made for whether the software produced by the software will be discarded or keep it for the next cycle as a starting point. Advantages: Faster coding, testing and design patterns. Facilitates to support changes in the life cycle. Disadvantages: More time to spend for analysis and design. Delay in one phase effects on entire software. Lot of steps to fallow in this model. Which Process Model is best? This is not easy question to answer as there are many factors that influence it. Having discussed all the process models, now we have some fair idea about many process models. With this knowledge, we can easily choose the best model. We can use waterfall model when all requirements are known before starting developing project. However, it is not suitable for applications where the requirements not known. Prototype, Iterative and Increment Models are best used when there is some uncertainty about requirements. They can be used when the requirements are not known. They are exploratory models. For the proposed project â€Å"Waterfall† model can be used as all the requirements are known prior to developing the system. How the methodology is going to apply to our project? Requirements Gathering: This is the most important phase to build a system. Failure of gathering right requirements may leads to collapse the entire system. So a single biggest requirement of a project may leads project failure case also. In this step first we analyzed manual functionalities of the system. We understood the problems and limitations of the manual system. We understood actual functional requirements of the proposed system for this we asked many questions and we gather more information about the system what they actually need. Basis on the manual process we prepared functional requirements and we suggested unique name for each requirement. Like Maintenance of customer details Stock maintenance Billing Order details Keeping track of drug licenses Predicting the future demands of the retailers based on the seasons. Ordering of goods through phone and home delivery is possible. Online ordering of goods Customized report generation Design: Is a complete plan to solve the problems of a software. Provides complete process to build a good software. In this we designed a hierarchy for each functional requirement decomposed into pieces of hierarchal step wise statements with more detail. Example , for pharmacy billing When the system is started, it should authenticate user before providing its functionalities The output bill should appear as containing the shop name, address, phone number and drug license no. It contains which system i.e. (system 1, system 2,etc), billing staff id, name, bill no(transaction number), time, date, receipt type (original, duplicate, refund, void item, void transaction, etc), quantity, product name price per single and total price quantity, and the end grand total for all products , if vat is applicable then vat summary. Once the functionalities of Pharmacy system are classified then we grouped the related functionalities as a module, in this totally we got 3 modules, like Stock Maintenance Ordering Billing. After this we designed software architecture to develop this system, because based on schedule, cost, and quality the software architecture returns highest returns on investments. So that in this project we are going to use 2 tier architecture, to make the system initially as stand-alone system. In our project we are going to Java Swings API to develop GUI based user interfacing to interact with the system. Back end database may be either Oracle/MySQL we can use to store huge amount of logical related information. In the back end database we are going to maintain billing information, Order Details and customer information, Stock details information and payment details (cash/ cheque..etc). To interact with the back end data base system, from GUI interface we need JDBC API to perform database relevant query operations towards the underlying database. In this software design we considered many aspects according to our project. Compatibility of backend and platforms, designing software etc, Extensibility we ensure the system design even to add new enhancements in future like to make as web based system. And we designed carefully each functionality as Modular functionality, and are designing Modular components are reusable components because the stock functionality may reuse in order details. We design the system according to Security concerns also. Our system should authenticate first before providing its functionalities. We are considering Admin login and end user logins for this system. Implementation: It is nothing but simply a plan to implement the system design. Already I designed the proposed system, now this is one of the level gives detailed information about how the system should implement based on the design considerations. In the Software, the programming languages are the number of implementation in software development. Our project I am going to implement using JAVA swings, JDBC API. Swing API is more reliable and consistent GUI for all platforms i.e. there is no in appearance even executes on many more platforms, where as AWT components with specific look feel i.e. changes their appearance for one platform to another platform. Swings components have their own look feel, where as AWT with their native GUI. Swings with efficient event handling model than AWT event handling model. Swings with MVC pattern allows to customize the model layer of the GUI component, where as AWT doesnt. So Swings I am going to use for user interfacing. In this implement ation the actual coding of project is going to start like with pieces of programs. Once the programming is over then these are all small units integrated in the next phase. In our project we have 3 modules like, 1. Stock Maintenance 2. Ordering 3. Billing. Each module consist pieces (or) units of programs. In this phase each unit is tested for their functionality. For Example, Accept Order functionality tested whether its functionality performs in successful manner or not. This kind of functional testing for each functionality known as Unit Testing. This testing ensures whether the module (or) functionality reaches to their functional or not. With this we can overcome the bugs in the project, helps to develop a bug free system. For this we can use JUnit test tool. Integration and System Testing: In this phase the tested units are going to integrate like as a complete system. System testing means we will test the complete integrated system to ensure all the modules whether they reached their target functionality or not, in this we will get co-ordination among whole modules of the system as per the specification. Once the Integration system testing is over it delivers to end user. The medicine inventory and report status as per the stock and all these functionalities are over then we will integrate all the related unit of programs under Stock maintenance module. we will perform module testing for Inventory, billing and order modules to ensure their module functionality. Deliver or Maintenance and Operations: This phase is also known as ever ending phase. Because while developing the software some problem may arise and we can solute through unit testing and system testing as discussed above. But some are the problems may raised once we deploy the project into the client machine. During runtime or practical use some issues may raise for the system functionality. So I going to provide time to time solution for the system as come under maintenance. Once the system is build I need to provide supports maintenance to Padma Pharma Agencies. PLANNING: SL NO Activity Min time Max time 1 Review the literature to find out the requirements. 1 weeks 3 weeks 2 Understand the requirements of the client 2 weeks 4 weeks 3 Research and Analysis for developing project. 4 weeks 6 weeks 4 Design a backend, user interface and development. 8 weeks 10 weeks 5 Code functionality for the application 6 weeks 8 weeks 6 Test the application and user documentation 3 weeks 5 weeks 8 Critically evaluate the project. 1 week 2 weeks References 1. https://www.pharmaceutical-drug-manufacturers.com/pharmaceutical-industry/ 2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmaceuticals_in_India 3. https://cdsco.nic.in/html/law.htm 4. https://www.wipro.in/Domains/Healthcare/hospitalinfosys.htm 5. https://www.dbresearch.com/PROD/DBR_INTERNET_EN-PROD/PROD0000000000224095.pdf 6. https://www.rpsgb.org.uk/worldofpharmacy/currentdevelopmentsinpharmacy/itinpharmacy/index.html 7. https://www.ciber.com/enterprise-integration/pharmaceutical-business-intelligence/ 8. https://codebetter.com/blogs/raymond.lewallen/archive/2005/07/13/129114.aspx 9. https://aspalliance.com/articleViewer.aspx?aId=1017pId=-1 10. www.onestoptesting.com/sdlc-models 11. https://www.rspa.com/spi/process-prescriptive.html 12. https://www.cavehill.uwi.edu/staff/eportfolios/paulwalcott/courses/comp2145/2009/software_process_models.htm 13. https://www.elucidata.org/refs/seglossary.pdf 14. https://toostep.com/trends/types-of-sdlc-models.htm 15. https://www.competition-commission.org.uk/rep_pub/reports/1989/fulltext/253c2.pdf 16. https://www.jrosspub.com/Engine/Shopping/catalog.asp?store=12category=-1item=14192 17. www.indiainbusiness.nic.in/industry/drug-pharma.htm 18. https://www.espicom.com/prodcat.nsf/Product_ID_Lookup/00001851?OpenDocumentgclid=CI2Q-diUpp8CFYItpAodHB 19. https://www.ct-toolkit.ac.uk/_db/_documents/labelling.pdf. 20. https://www.nzva.org.nz/files/sharedimages/_Word_-_B2_1_3_Packaging___Labelling_16May03.pdf 21. https://www.anilinepharma.com/ 22. https://www.acutecareonline.com/ 23. https://www.amerisourcebergen.com/abc/ 24. http:[email  protected]/* */!88!8C!2334A770D612/AlexanderYnzon/Pharmaceutical/ 25. https://www.aipharma.com/ 26. https://www.apluspharmaceuticals.com/ 27. https://www.aurorapharm.com/

Gender Roles Of Women s Literature - 1661 Words

The way in which gender roles are portrayed in children’s literature significantly contributes to the development of our youth’s understanding of their own gender’s role and how they are perceived by society. It is important for children to understand gender roles because gender roles are an essential cog in the perpetual machine that develops our society, but these cogs have been replaced with newer, more up-to-date cogs over recent years, so to speak. As society has changed, so has the typical role that each gender plays in it, namely women. As feministic movements have gained more and more traction in recent years, there’s been a shift in the roles and expectations placed on women. Today, more and more women are going to college,†¦show more content†¦This holds true for young men as well, whereas if a boy is constantly reading about being strong, adventurous, independent, and tough, he will assume that is what is expected of him as well. Tradit ional roles in young adult or children’s literature would be roles that often times could be perceived as gender stereotypes, and these stereotypes frequently reflect what is thought of as â€Å"the norm†. A stereotype is defined by Merriam-Webster as â€Å"something conforming to a fixed or general pattern; especially: a standardized mental picture that is held in common by members of a group and that represents an oversimplified opinion, prejudiced attitude, or uncritical judgment† (Stereotype- Definition of Stereotype by Merriam-Webster). However, stereotypes aren’t always a bad thing. In some sense, stereotypes are able to provide a sense of order and predictability, and in the purest sense of the word, they simply are just reflections of societal patterns that have been observed for decades. In literature, traditional gender roles tend to conform to what is the prototypical perception of each gender, reflecting and following the guidelines set by so ciety. However, as time goes on, these perceptions can become inaccurate, whether it’s from social progression or a change in traditional ideals. This is why consistently exposing children and young adults to stereotypical roles in literature can result in theShow MoreRelatedGender As A Man And The Role Of A Woman932 Words   |  4 Pages Many people define gender as the range of characteristics pertaining to, and differentiating between, masculinity and femininity. In modern and traditional society, gender is used to teach the â€Å"role of a man and the role of a woman†. The role of gender in adolescent literature dates back to the first kind of literature for children, oral folk tales. On the beaches of Greece, Homer told the tale of Odysseus. A Greek king, who was strong, fearless and wise; whom traveled great lands and fought manyRead MoreThe Portrayal Of Children s Books918 Words   |  4 Pagesmedia – including books. 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In other words, gender roles are social norms and expectations, created and accepted by society, based on a person’s gender. There have been different gender roles throughout the different time eras and in some erasRead MoreUnderstanding The Cognitive Processes Of Organizational Psychology950 Words   |  4 Pagesgeneral manager of the matter, I think it s a good model is sometimes described as a thought that is incompatible with the behavior of male and female leader refers to the idea. For example, the pronunciation of certain parameters in order to promote stereotypes. Time is expected that the management style, bad, indifferent, or from top to bottom, is expected by the traditional male behavior leaders. 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But by God! if they are your mothers, your sisters, your daughter s, your wives and your companions; they are yourselves and you yourselves are them, (Akkerman 1). What are women? Better yet, how important are women? As important people, women play specific roles based on societal expectations and dictations. In the beginning, women were not seen as equal figures,Read MoreYou Can t Write An Honest Novel About Race1492 Words   |  6 Pagesblack immigrants, especially female immigrants. Adichie is aware of how race and gender work alongside each other and shape someone’s experience. The main protagonist of the story, Ifemelu constantly points this out. Since Americanah is a relatively new novel, hardly any academic articles have been written about it. The article â€Å"Fictional Representations of Contemporary Diasporas: The Case of the Invisible Diasporic Women of Chimamanda Adichie† by Claudio Braga and R. Gonà §alves analyses diaspora in

Digestion Lab - 1610 Words

Digestion Lab Abstract – The purpose of this lab was to understand how different solutions played a role in the digestion protein. By looking at different variables, such as temperature, and pH we’re capable of understanding just how certain substances functioned and when they didn’t. The data for all labs are clear and concise and give a clear understanding of what solutions work best. All three labs were placed in a warm water bath set at 37’C to stimulate the reaction as if it were taking place within the human body. This gives us a more accurate reading on how they would react at that set temperature. We concluded why certain tubes changed to the color they did and further explained it. This lab focuses primarily on two crucial†¦show more content†¦Enzyme pepsin X. Gastric juices XI. Incubator (warm water bath) Outline [Gastric Digestion] 1. Label the 3 test tubes with your initials and number each 1,2, and 3. (This allows for them to be distinguished) 2. Measure out one scoop of albumin powder (rich protein) and place it into each individual tube. 3. Add 5mL of 0.4% pepsin solution to test tube 1 4. Add 5mL of 0.2% HCl to test tube 2 5. Add 5mL of gastric juices (contains both pepsin solution and HCl) to test tube 3 6. Stir all tubes slowly and carefully; mix contents well 7. Gently place the tubes in a 37’C water for an hour. 8. After the hour has passed, remove the tubes and add 2-3 drops of biuret reagent to each tube and shake. 9. Record the color change that occurs. [Part A] 1. Retrieve three more test tubes and label them 1,2, and 3 2. Add 5 mL of 5% starch solution to each tube 3. Add 5 mL of pancreatic solution to test tube 1 4. Add 5 mL of water to test tube 2 5. Add 5 mL of boiled pancreatic solution to test tube 3 6. Gently shake the tubes to mix the contents inside 7. Place the tubes in 37 degree water for 30 minutes 8. Remove the tubes and add 2-3 drops of Iodine – potassium – iodide solution to each tube. 9. Again, gently shake the tubes to mix the contents [Part B] 1. Retrieve two more test tubes and label them 1, and 2 2. Add 10 mL of litmus milk (PH Indicator) to each tube 3. Add one scoop of pancreatin powder to test tube 1 4. Add a few drops of distilled water to test tube 2 5. GentlyShow MoreRelatedLab Report Digestion2121 Words   |  9 PagesGastrin is released primarily in response to protein in the stomach, and its effects promote digestion of protein. Secretin is released in response to acid in the duodenum, and its effects will neutralize the acid. CCK is released in response to fat in the duodenum, and its effects optimize conditions for fat digestion reactions. 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Materials: Safety goggles String Dissecting pins Lab apron Scalpel Scissors Dissecting gloves Hand lens Ruler Preserved Pig Dissecting Tray Forceps and probe Observations Using a ruler, measure the length of the pig from the snout to the tail. Use graph to estimate the age of the fetal pig.Read MoreThe Digestive System Of The Human Body981 Words   |  4 Pagessystem is one of the most overlooked systems in the human body. Although most people cannot sense the system at work like they do when they breathe in air or feel their heart beat, it still continues to deliver nutrients throughout the systems. The digestion system is responsible for nourishing the human body with the energy necessary to stay healthy and getting rid of the unnecessary materials (Marieb 1989). The digestive system is composed of the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and largeRead MoreInvestigating Pancreatic Lipase And Its Reactions2993 Words   |  12 Pages1. Part A In this part of the lab, we used a Pancreatin solution, a digestive enzyme found in the pancreas. This digestive enzyme works to its full potential in the duodenum where the pH level ranges between 7.1-8.2. This process can take hours to react, but we only had three hours of class time so we will examine the reaction based off of that time frame. There is a mixture of enzymes that combine to make Pancreatin, but in this specific experiment, pancreatic lipase and its reactions will beRead MoreCarb Cutter Lab Report Essay728 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"Studies by Mayo Clinic revealed that to decelerate the digestion of carbohydrate, you need between 4,000 to 6,000 mg of bean extract or phaseolamin. Unfortunately, many carb blockers in the market have lower than 4,000 mg of phaseolamin. In reality, a majority contain well below the recommended dosage which is a measly 500mg of white kidney bean extract. 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The liver manufactures and secretes Bile, which is a fluid released into the duodenum that aids in digestion of fat. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.visualhistology.com/products/atlas/VHA_Chpt14_Pancreas_Liver_And_Gallbladder.html Briefly outline the endocrine and exocrine functions of the Pancreas. The pancreas contains two glands, both the endocrine

Operations Management Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences

Question: Describe about the Operations Management for Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences. Answer: Introduction This study is focused on the subject area of Operation Management. During this study, the discussion is made on the case study of Operations excellence leading to sustainable development. Critical analysis is done to identify the impact of operational excellence on the sustainability of the business organizations. Effects of operational efficiency on the sustainability of the organization As per the case study, sustainable development refers to the planning that ensures fulfillment of the needs in every aspects properly and also ensures that future generation will not face any scarcity. The study has suggested that the sustainability can be achieved by using the resources and equipments properly. However, Mitchell (2015) mentioned that resources can be used properly only when the organizations have right strategy and infrastructure to use that. Operational efficiency helps the business organizations to use minimum resources and use the renewable resources. Due to this, the costs of the company also can be lowered down. At the same time, if the organization use less resource and create less pollution through operational excellence, then it can create a positive brand image in the market (Ojha 2015). However, in order to use the renewable energy sources, the organizations must have the stand-alone system, which is effective to decrease the environmental hazards. Therefore, by operational excellence the organization not only can reduce its cost level but it can improve its brand image also, which ultimately improves its sustainability level. Conclusion From the above study, it can be said that operational excellence is the most important thing for achieving the sustainability in todays context. It helps to improve the performance standard of the business and at the same time also improves the environmental as well as business sustainability level. Reference list: Mitchell, J.S., 2015.Operational Excellence: Journey to Creating Sustainable Value. John Wiley Sons. Ojha, S.K., 2015. Operational Excellence for Sustainability of Nepalese Industries.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,189, pp.458-464.

Methamphetamine Abuse and Foster Placement

Abuse of methamphetamine by pregnant women is a significant cause of concern among health practitioners due to the effects of prenatal and postnatal exposure of children to the drug. Scientific research on the impact of prenatal methamphetamine exposure illustrates the adverse effects of the drug on the gestational age and birth weight.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Methamphetamine Abuse and Foster Placement specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Children of methamphetamine addicts exhibit the characteristic of early gestational age in comparison to unexposed children. Similarly, the average birth weight of infants exposed to methamphetamine is significantly lower than that of their unexposed counterparts (Buckner et al., 2013). Another effect of methamphetamine exposure is the increased likelihood of premature delivery, which increases the vulnerability of infants to premature-birth risk factors, as evide nced by the case of baby Kim. Other effects of prenatal methamphetamine exposure include fetal distress, increased instances of cardiac defects, the formation of cleft lips, and incidences of biliary atresia. As a stimulant of the central nervous system, methamphetamine alters the balance of essential body chemicals such as dopamine and serotonin. The chemical nature of methamphetamine allows the compound to cross the placenta with great ease so that it alters the fetal environment and enters the developing fetus bloodstream. Scientific research shows that methamphetamine induces vasoconstriction, which alters the flow of uteroplacental blood and pressure around the fetal environment. Vasoconstriction effects and altered blood flow and stress increase the chances of the occurrence of prenatal stroke or damages of vital organs such as the heart, which may relate to intracranial bleeding evident in baby Kim (Melo et al., 2006). Methamphetamine exposure alters the mental, emotional, an d behavioral development of children because of alterations in the standard cognitive, language, and motor functions. In this regard, children may expose signs of sleep disturbances and behavioral problems due to the mimicking of neurotransmitters, which may aggravate to impaired perceptual processing and uncoordinated movements (Pometlova et al., 2009). Practitioners need to consider certain factors in their assessments of foster care placement because the arrangement poses significant threats in terms of emotional and psychological damage to children when separated with their families.Advertising Looking for critical writing on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Considerations regarding the safety and health of a child are crucial because brain growth is most active in children and existing cases of physical and mental health may aggravate with foster placement (Suchman et al., 2006). In this regard, practitioners m ust ensure that placing children under foster care do not pose an adverse effect on their experience and healing process. Placing a child under foster care arouses the need for analyses of the implications of the occurrence of abuse and neglect in a foster home, which might hamper early brain development. Another important consideration is that although the purpose of foster care is to protect children from any form of abuse or neglect, creating and maintain a child’s attachment to caregivers is essential. Promoting the attachment between a child and caregivers supports an aspect of belonging and cushions the child from the challenges of coping with an alien environment. In this regard, the necessity to remove a child from home should be such that placing the child in a new environment offers protection from imminent risk of harm while safeguarding feelings of safety and care. Another consideration pertains to the ability of a child in foster care to deal with psychological s tress due to the brain’s tendency to shift to an acute stress response mode. Placing an infant in foster care is likely to cause poor feeding and aggravate the failure to thrive, which may lead to weak recovery for children with physical and mental health problems. The psychological health of a child largely depends on the existence of a relationship with an adult who can nurture, protect, and help the child to develop trust and a sense of security. The concept of developing an understanding of attachment in a child is crucial to the development and sustenance of bonds with other people during socialization (Ashford et al., 2010). Children with significant levels of attachment to their caregivers develop secure and productive relationships because they have developed excellent emotional security and conscience. A child perceives caregivers as a parent due to the existence of a respectful and long-lasting relationship, which ensures the psychological health of the child and th e development of positive attributes in terms of self-esteem.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Methamphetamine Abuse and Foster Placement specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The development of brain structures that control aspects such as a child’s personality traits and ability to learn and adjust to stress and emotional situations largely depends on the influence of factors in a child’s environment on nerve connections and neurotransmitters in the brain. In this regard, placing a child in an environment that disrupts emotional and cognitive development poses threats of impaired brain development to the child. The situation in which a child grows should enhance a sense of belonging and permanence by encouraging a continuous interaction and building of a relationship between the child and attachment figures. In this regard, long periods associated with the attainment of permanent placement i n foster care programs may interfere with a significant phase during which a child develops a sense of the relationship between physical, emotional, social and environmental factors. Furthermore, an environment that lacks appropriate mechanisms for stimulating cognitive, language, motor, and behavioral skills cannot support proper child growth and development. Practitioners should consider the risks associated with a lack of permanence in foster care, which creates a feeling of neglect among children and minimizes their chances of forming productive attachments. Subjecting a child to interrupted periods of stay at home and in foster care eliminates the experience of day-to-day attention that caregivers give children in the physical, emotional, and social sense. The lack of long-term interaction between a child and an adult who provides attention, comfort and nourishment denies the child an experience of acceptability and being of value while promoting adverse effects of neglect (And erson, 1998). Negligence curtails the development of language and vocabulary skills, which limits proper communication in children. Placing children in foster care poses threats to their growth and development because of the interruptions on various aspects of the continuity of caregivers. Unlike adults who deal with matters of impermanence by developing a mechanism for self-reliance and projecting constancy in the long term, children have a limited scope for establishing their sense of self and focus on contextualizing time in the present.Advertising Looking for critical writing on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In this regard, children have a limited ability to cope with impermanence and moving them between homes adversely affects their well-being. Practitioners need to evaluate the risk of children before deciding on foster placement by analyzing various aspects of family functioning relating to the support of healthy child development to highlight instances of insufficient care and neglect. In this regard, pediatric practitioners can implement programs that minimize the improper care of children without necessitating the adoption of foster placement. References Anderson, V. (1998), Assessing Executive Functions In Children: Biological, Psychological, And Developmental Considerations, Neuropsychological  Rehabilitation, 8(3), 319-349. Ashford, J. B., LeCroy, C. W., Lortie, K. L. (2010), Human behavior in the social  environment: a multidimensional perspective (4th ed.), Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole/Thomson Learning. Buckner, J., Heimberg, R., Ecker, A., Vinci, C. (2013), A biopsychosoci al model of social anxiety and substance use, Depress Anxiety, 30(3), 276-84. Melo, P., Rodrigues, L. G., Silva, M. C., Tavares, M. A. (2006), Effects Of Prenatal Exposure To Methamphetamine On The Development Of The Rat Retina, Annals  of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1074(1), 590-603. Pometlova, M., Hruba, L., Slamberova, R., Rokyta, R. (2009), Cross-fostering Effect On Postnatal Development Of Rat Pups Exposed To Methamphetamine During Gestation And Preweaning Periods, International Journal of Developmental  Neuroscience, 27(2), 149-155. Suchman, N. E., McMahon, T. J., Zhang, H., Mayes, L. C., Luthar, S. (2006), Substance-abusing Mothers And Disruptions In Child Custody: An Attachment Perspective. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 30(3), 197-204. This critical writing on Methamphetamine Abuse and Foster Placement was written and submitted by user J0anna to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.